Théorie des réseaux locaux et protocole TCP/IP

This training offers you the essentials of what you need to know to design and implement TCP / IP networks. He will present to you in a simple and concrete way the principles and techniques of interconnection and administration. It shows you how to set up the main TCP / IP applications.

Duration

3 days.

Audience

Any IT specialist having to buy, install a local network in a TCP / IP environment

Prerequisite

Good knowledge of systems and IT in general.

Objectives

• Describe the different hardware elements of a network (transmission media, interconnection)
• Describe the lower layers of network communication as well as the protocols used (@MAC, ARP)
• Configure the IP configuration of a network station (address, mask, gateway)
• Describe how the DHCP protocol works
• Describe the principle of host name resolution (Hosts file, DNS)
• Use the main network testing and troubleshooting tools
• Describe the different types of routing (static, dynamic, NAT)

Information

This training is available online

Detailled program

Network technologies

Definition
Network scope: PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN

The OSI model

Principles
Layers
Encapsulation
The 7 layers

Transmission media

Limited supports
- Twisted pair
- Optical fiber
Unlimited supports
- Infrared
- laser
- Radio waves

Switching techniques

Switching:
- circuits
- messages
- packages

Network interconnections

Bridge
Switch
Router
Bridge

IEEE

Historical
IEEE 802.2:
- General
- LLC frame format
- Types and classes
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet:
- General
- access methods: CSMA / CD
- The standards of the physical layer
- Frame format
IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth

MAN / WAN protocols

xDSL
WiMax
Cellular networks
ATM
SONET & SDH
MPLS
Remote access and VPN

CP / IP History

The ARPANET network
Organizations that have contributed to the development of the Internet and TCP / IP

General presentation

Application level services
Network level services
Four-layer model, TCP / IP vs OSI model
Main files: hosts, services, protocols ...
Bodies managing Internet, IAB, IETF, IRTF standards
Notion of RFC

TCP / IP protocol family - overview

IP, ARP, RARP, TCP, UDP, FTP, TFTP, TELNET, SMTP, SNMP, NFS, DHCP ...

IP addressing

Format of an IP address
Address classes (A, B, C, D, E)
Network ID and Host ID
Multi-domiciled machines, gateways
Subnet mask
VLSM, supernetting (CIDR)
Resolution of IP addresses to physical addresses, ARP
Structure of an IP datagram
Fragmentation of datagrams and reassembly

IP routing

General principle
Default route
Static routing
Dynamic routing (main routing protocols)

DHCP

Advantages and disadvantages of dynamic addressing
The 4 phases of a DHCP negotiation

The ICMP protocol, error handling and control messages

Role of ICMP
Structure of an ICMP datagram - types of messages: flow control, redirection, destination unreachable ...

The domain name system

Name resolution
Hosts files
Name servers, DNS
Type of DNS servers
Concept of zones and domains
The Internet tree
Main types of records in a DNS database

UDP, transport in datagram mode

TCP, transport in connected mode

Objective and need for reliable transport
Three-phase TCP logon
Acknowledgment / retransmission mechanism
TCP sliding window principle

TCP / IP application services

Telnet, Ftp, Rsh, rlogin, mail ...

Diagnostic utilities

Ping, arp, traceroute ...

Netbios over TCP / IP

Constraints related to Netbios broadcasts
Role of the 16th Netbios byte
NetBios Name Server (NBNS)

Presentation of the sockets interface

Netstat tool

Securing the interconnection of networks

Filter router
Address / port translator
Proxy
Firewall
DMZ